It seems that the issue was not solved with the above methods, at least permanently. Everything was fine, until suddenly the problem was back.
I tried something else, and for two days no issues at all, so it seems that the problem is really solved now.
I will try to sum up, as someone else could face this issue.
Have in mind that I use a
local account and not a Microsoft account to sign in Windows.
The problem: Every time I sign in Windows, verification of the identity is needed. This affects every Microsoft application, OneDrive, OneNote, Mail app etc.
When this happened: After the last Windows update (2004). My other computer is still running on 1909, it has Teams installed, nothing of what I did in the previous posts was done and no need (yet) for the solution below.
What really helped:(See attachments)Although it seems that there is no logic in this action, selecting
Stop signing in to all Microsoft applications automatically stopped the problem. I verified my identity and entered the passwords for a last time and that was it.
Of course, in Settings these options are checked (Accounts > Sign-in options):
Automatically save my restartable apps when I sign out and restart them after sign in.
Use my sign in info to automatically finish setting up my device after an update or restart.
