Although you can use the search box in Outlook, you can also narrow the search results by using the built-in search filters and reference tables.
See How to search in Outlook (https://support.microsoft.com/en-au/office/how-to-search-in-outlook-d824d1e9-a255-4c8a-8553-276fb895a8da) or how to use these features in Outlook.com as well as Outlook for Microsoft 365, Outlook 2021, Outlook 2019, Outlook 2016, Outlook 2013, Outlook 2010, and Outlook 2007.